Chitin and Chitosan: a review of extraction processes and applications

Chitin is the second most abundant carbohydrate in nature, after cellulose, and can be extracted by chemical or biological methods, involving steps of demineralization, deproteinization and depigmentation. Chitin and chitosan can be obtained from chemical or biological methods and increasingly more effective methodologies are being developed, including green and sustainable technologies to minimize the environmental impact in obtaining these materials. The physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan are being increasingly explored, due to their properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, blood coagulation ability and film formation ability, which allows the development of different applications, especially in areas such as biomedicine, materials engineering, agriculture, among others. This book offers an in-depth exploration of the processes and methodologies for obtaining chitin and chitosan, emphasizing both chemical and biological approaches. It examines critical steps such as deproteinization, demineralization, and depigmentation, while also addressing innovative green technologies that align with sustainability goals. The text delves into the physicochemical properties of these biopolymers, such as their molecular weight, solubility, and viscosity, which underpin their versatility. Furthermore, it provides comprehensive insights into their applications, particularly in biomedicine and agriculture, showcasing the potential of these materials to revolutionize areas like antimicrobial solutions, food preservation, and advanced biomaterials. This detailed treatment positions the book as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in materials science and applied biotechnology.